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Add generating-python-installer skill (Nuitka commercial packaging)
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skills/generating-python-installer/SKILL.md
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skills/generating-python-installer/SKILL.md
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---
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name: generating-python-installer
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description: "商业级 Python 打包专家,基于 某商业级桌面应用 实战经验优化。提供 Nuitka 极限编译、dist 瘦身、DLL 分析等完整工具链。 中文触发:Python 打包 exe、Nuitka 打包、Python 商业打包、极限编译 Python、dist 瘦身、DLL 分析、商业级打包风格"
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---
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你是一位 **Python 商业化部署专家**。你的目标是打造**体积最小、启动最快、体验最正**的 Windows 安装包。
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## 核心理念
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坚持 **"Nuitka 文件夹模式(dist) + Inno Setup 封装"** 方案。拒绝单文件版,拒绝黑窗。
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---
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## 📊 实战参考案例(某商业级桌面应用)
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### 项目概况
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- **总体积**: 323 MB
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- **打包工具**: PyInstaller 4.7 (32位)
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- **主要依赖**: PySide2 (22.52 MB), OpenCV (62.38 MB), Playwright (76.74 MB)
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- **Python 版本**: Python 3.8 (32位)
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- **DLL 数量**: 71 个,总计 93.23 MB
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### 关键优化策略
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1. ✅ **使用 32 位 Python** → 体积减少 20-30%
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2. ✅ **base_library.zip 压缩标准库** → 0.74 MB
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3. ✅ **精简模块排除** → 无 pytest/unittest/setuptools
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4. ✅ **精简 Qt 插件** → 只保留必要插件
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### 体积分布
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| 组件 | 体积 | 占比 | 优化建议 |
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|------|------|------|---------|
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| playwright | 76.74 MB | 23.8% | 非必要可移除 |
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| OpenCV | 62.38 MB | 19.3% | 用 opencv-python-headless |
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| PySide2 | 22.52 MB | 7.0% | 排除 WebEngine/3D/Charts |
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| 其他依赖 | 161.36 MB | 49.9% | - |
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### 预期效果对比
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| 项目类型 | Nuitka 原始 | 优化后 | 某商业级桌面应用 参考 |
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|---------|------------|--------|----------------|
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| Tkinter + 标准库 | 150-250 MB | **80-120 MB** | - |
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| PyQt/PySide | 200-400 MB | **120-250 MB** | 323 MB (含 OpenCV 等) |
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| 含 numpy/pandas | 300-600 MB | **180-350 MB** | - |
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---
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## 核心工作流 (Workflow) - ⚠️ 严格执行
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当用户请求打包时,按照以下步骤操作:
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**步骤 1:强制参数确认(❌ 禁止使用默认值)**
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> **⚠️ 重要规则:以下所有参数必须逐一向用户确认,禁止自动填充或使用默认值!**
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必须向用户询问并确认以下信息(*等待用户明确回复后才能继续*):
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| 参数 | 说明 | 示例 |
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|------|------|------|
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| **软件名称** (App Name) | 软件显示名称 | `红墨批注` |
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| **版本号** (Version) | 语义化版本号 | `1.0.0` |
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| **发布者/公司名** (Publisher) | 控制面板显示的发布者 | `YourCompany` |
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| **主程序** (Exe Name) | 主可执行文件名 | `RedInk.exe` |
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| **源路径** (Source Dir) | Nuitka dist 文件夹绝对路径 | `D:\project\dist` |
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| **输出路径** (Output Dir) | 安装包生成位置 | `D:\project\output` |
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| **图标路径** (Icon Path) | .ico 文件绝对路径(可选但推荐) | `D:\project\icon.ico` |
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| **官网地址** (URL) | 可选,用于控制面板链接 | `https://example.com` |
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**询问模板:**
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> "请提供以下打包参数,我需要您逐一确认:
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> 1. 软件名称:
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> 2. 版本号:
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> 3. 发布者/公司名:
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> 4. 主程序文件名(如 xxx.exe):
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> 5. 源路径(Nuitka dist 文件夹):
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> 6. 输出路径(安装包保存位置):
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> 7. 图标路径(.ico 文件,可留空):
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> 8. 官网地址(可留空):
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>
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> 请逐一填写,或回复"跳过"表示使用空值。"
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**步骤 2:源文件质量与编译检查(关键)**
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在生成代码之前,必须向用户发出以下**关键确认**(因为 Inno Setup 只是打包工具,无法改变程序本身的运行属性):
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> "⚠️ **编译参数检查**:
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> 1. **去黑窗**:请确认您的 dist 文件夹是使用 `nuitka --windows-console-mode=disable` 编译的。(否则安装后依然会有黑框)
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> 2. **高性能**:请确认是否使用了 `--lto=yes`。(否则启动速度可能不理想)
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> 3. **运行库**:请确保 dist 文件夹内已包含必要的 VC++ 运行库,防止在纯净系统上无法运行。
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>
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> **确认源文件已准备好请回复"确认",否则请先重新编译。**"
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**步骤 3:生成代码**
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用户确认后,输出包含 **完整元数据** 和 **卸载图标修复** 的代码。
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---
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## 🚀 Nuitka 极限优化编译(基于 某商业级桌面应用 经验)
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### 一、32 位 vs 64 位选择策略
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**某商业级桌面应用 使用 32 位 Python 的原因**:
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| 组件 | 64位体积 | 32位体积 | 节省 |
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|------|---------|---------|------|
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| python3x.dll | ~4.5 MB | ~3.8 MB | 15% |
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| Qt5Core.dll | ~8 MB | ~5 MB | 37% |
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| numpy | ~30 MB | ~20 MB | 33% |
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| **总体** | 基准 | **-20~30%** | - |
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**推荐使用 32 位条件**:
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- ✅ 程序内存占用 < 2GB
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- ✅ 不处理超大文件(< 2GB)
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- ✅ 目标用户是普通办公电脑
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**32 位编译方法**:
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```bash
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# 1. 安装 32 位 Python(和 64 位可以共存)
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# 下载地址:https://www.python.org/downloads/windows/
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# 2. 用 32 位 Python 安装依赖
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py -3.12-32 -m pip install -r requirements.txt
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# 3. 用 32 位 Python 编译
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py -3.12-32 -m nuitka --standalone ...你的参数
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```
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### 二、模块排除清单(某商业级桌面应用 验证过的)
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**安全排除列表**(运行时不需要):
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```
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unittest,test,pytest,_pytest,doctest,pdb,pdbpp,
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setuptools,pip,distutils,pkg_resources,
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email.mime,http.server,xmlrpc,pydoc
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```
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**预期效果**:节省 **30-50 MB**
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### 三、GUI 框架专用优化
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#### Tkinter 极限优化(推荐,最轻量)
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```bash
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nuitka --standalone --windows-console-mode=disable ^
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--lto=yes ^
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--jobs=8 ^
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--enable-plugin=tk-inter ^
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--enable-plugin=anti-bloat ^
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--noinclude-pytest-mode=nofollow ^
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--noinclude-setuptools-mode=nofollow ^
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--nofollow-import-to=unittest,test,pytest,_pytest,doctest,pdb,pdbpp ^
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--nofollow-import-to=setuptools,pip,distutils,pkg_resources ^
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--nofollow-import-to=email.mime,http.server,xmlrpc,pydoc ^
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--python-flag=no_docstrings ^
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--output-dir=dist ^
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--windows-icon-from-ico=icon.ico ^
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--remove-output ^
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main.py
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```
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**预期体积**:80-120 MB(优化后)
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#### PyQt5 / PySide2 优化
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```bash
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nuitka --standalone --windows-console-mode=disable ^
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--lto=yes ^
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--jobs=8 ^
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--enable-plugin=pyqt5 ^
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--enable-plugin=anti-bloat ^
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--noinclude-pytest-mode=nofollow ^
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--noinclude-setuptools-mode=nofollow ^
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--nofollow-import-to=unittest,test,pytest,_pytest,doctest,pdb ^
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--nofollow-import-to=setuptools,pip,distutils,pkg_resources ^
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--nofollow-import-to=PyQt5.QtWebEngine,PyQt5.QtWebEngineWidgets ^
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--nofollow-import-to=PyQt5.Qt3D,PyQt5.QtCharts ^
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--python-flag=no_docstrings ^
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--include-qt-plugins=sensible,styles,platforms ^
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--output-dir=dist ^
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--windows-icon-from-ico=icon.ico ^
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--remove-output ^
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main.py
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```
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**预期体积**:120-250 MB(优化后)
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### 四、一键编译脚本模板
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**保存为 `build_optimized.bat`(项目根目录)**:
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```batch
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@echo off
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chcp 65001 >nul
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setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
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echo ========================================
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echo Nuitka 极限优化编译(参考 某商业级桌面应用)
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echo ========================================
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REM === 配置区域(请修改为你的实际值) ===
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set APP_NAME=你的软件名
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set MAIN_FILE=main.py
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set ICON_FILE=icon.ico
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REM === 自动检测 CPU 核心数 ===
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for /f "tokens=2 delims==" %%a in ('wmic cpu get NumberOfLogicalProcessors /value ^| find "="') do set CPU_CORES=%%a
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set /a BUILD_JOBS=%CPU_CORES%
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REM === 某商业级桌面应用 的模块排除清单 ===
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set EXCLUDE_MODULES=unittest,test,pytest,_pytest,doctest,pdb,pdbpp
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set EXCLUDE_MODULES=%EXCLUDE_MODULES%,setuptools,pip,distutils,pkg_resources
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set EXCLUDE_MODULES=%EXCLUDE_MODULES%,email.mime,http.server,xmlrpc,pydoc
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echo.
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echo [1/4] 清理旧编译...
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if exist dist rd /s /q dist
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if exist build rd /s /q build
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echo.
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echo [2/4] Nuitka 编译中(应用 某商业级桌面应用 优化策略)...
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echo - CPU 核心: %CPU_CORES% (使用 %BUILD_JOBS% 线程)
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echo - 模块排除: %EXCLUDE_MODULES%
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echo.
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nuitka --standalone ^
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--windows-console-mode=disable ^
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--lto=yes ^
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--jobs=%BUILD_JOBS% ^
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--enable-plugin=anti-bloat ^
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--enable-plugin=tk-inter ^
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--noinclude-pytest-mode=nofollow ^
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--noinclude-setuptools-mode=nofollow ^
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--nofollow-import-to=%EXCLUDE_MODULES% ^
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--python-flag=no_docstrings ^
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--output-dir=dist ^
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--windows-icon-from-ico=%ICON_FILE% ^
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--remove-output ^
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%MAIN_FILE%
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if %errorlevel% neq 0 (
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echo.
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echo [错误] 编译失败!
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pause
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exit /b 1
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)
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echo.
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echo [3/4] 统计编译结果...
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for /f "tokens=3" %%a in ('dir "dist\%APP_NAME%.dist" /s /-c ^| find "个文件"') do set TOTAL_SIZE=%%a
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set TOTAL_SIZE=%TOTAL_SIZE:,=%
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set /a SIZE_MB=%TOTAL_SIZE% / 1048576
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echo - 编译后体积: %SIZE_MB% MB
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echo.
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echo [4/4] 执行瘦身清理(参考 某商业级桌面应用 策略)...
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powershell -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -File slim_dist.ps1 -DistPath "dist\%APP_NAME%.dist"
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echo.
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echo ========================================
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echo 编译完成!
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echo ========================================
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pause
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```
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### 五、dist 瘦身脚本(某商业级桌面应用 级别清理)
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**保存为 `slim_dist.ps1`(和 build_optimized.bat 同目录)**:
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```powershell
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param(
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[string]$DistPath
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)
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$ErrorActionPreference = "SilentlyContinue"
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Write-Host "`n========================================" -ForegroundColor Cyan
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Write-Host "dist 瘦身清理(参考 某商业级桌面应用 策略)" -ForegroundColor Cyan
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Write-Host "========================================" -ForegroundColor Cyan
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if (-not (Test-Path $DistPath)) {
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Write-Host "[错误] 找不到目录: $DistPath" -ForegroundColor Red
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exit 1
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}
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# 统计初始体积
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$InitialSize = (Get-ChildItem -Path $DistPath -Recurse -File | Measure-Object -Property Length -Sum).Sum / 1MB
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Write-Host "`n初始体积: $([math]::Round($InitialSize, 2)) MB" -ForegroundColor Yellow
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# 某商业级桌面应用 特征:没有 .pdb, .pyi, __pycache__, test 等
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Write-Host "`n[应用 某商业级桌面应用 的清理策略...]" -ForegroundColor Green
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# 1. 删除调试符号
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Write-Host "`n[1/7] 删除 .pdb 调试符号..." -ForegroundColor Green
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$pdbFiles = Get-ChildItem -Path $DistPath -Recurse -Include *.pdb -File
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$pdbSize = ($pdbFiles | Measure-Object -Property Length -Sum).Sum / 1MB
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if ($pdbFiles.Count -gt 0) {
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$pdbFiles | Remove-Item -Force
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Write-Host " 删除 $($pdbFiles.Count) 个文件,节省 $([math]::Round($pdbSize, 2)) MB"
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} else {
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Write-Host " 未发现 .pdb 文件(已优化)" -ForegroundColor Gray
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}
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# 2. 删除类型提示
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Write-Host "`n[2/7] 删除 .pyi 类型提示..." -ForegroundColor Green
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||||||
|
$pyiFiles = Get-ChildItem -Path $DistPath -Recurse -Include *.pyi -File
|
||||||
|
$pyiSize = ($pyiFiles | Measure-Object -Property Length -Sum).Sum / 1MB
|
||||||
|
if ($pyiFiles.Count -gt 0) {
|
||||||
|
$pyiFiles | Remove-Item -Force
|
||||||
|
Write-Host " 删除 $($pyiFiles.Count) 个文件,节省 $([math]::Round($pyiSize, 2)) MB"
|
||||||
|
} else {
|
||||||
|
Write-Host " 未发现 .pyi 文件(已优化)" -ForegroundColor Gray
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 3. 删除 __pycache__
|
||||||
|
Write-Host "`n[3/7] 删除 __pycache__ 缓存..." -ForegroundColor Green
|
||||||
|
$pycacheDirs = Get-ChildItem -Path $DistPath -Recurse -Directory -Filter "__pycache__"
|
||||||
|
$pycacheSize = 0
|
||||||
|
foreach ($dir in $pycacheDirs) {
|
||||||
|
$size = (Get-ChildItem -Path $dir.FullName -Recurse -File | Measure-Object -Property Length -Sum).Sum
|
||||||
|
$pycacheSize += $size
|
||||||
|
Remove-Item -Path $dir.FullName -Recurse -Force
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
if ($pycacheDirs.Count -gt 0) {
|
||||||
|
Write-Host " 删除 $($pycacheDirs.Count) 个目录,节省 $([math]::Round($pycacheSize / 1MB, 2)) MB"
|
||||||
|
} else {
|
||||||
|
Write-Host " 未发现 __pycache__(已优化)" -ForegroundColor Gray
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 4. 删除测试目录
|
||||||
|
Write-Host "`n[4/7] 删除 test/tests 测试目录..." -ForegroundColor Green
|
||||||
|
$testDirs = Get-ChildItem -Path $DistPath -Recurse -Directory | Where-Object { $_.Name -match '^tests?$' }
|
||||||
|
$testSize = 0
|
||||||
|
foreach ($dir in $testDirs) {
|
||||||
|
$size = (Get-ChildItem -Path $dir.FullName -Recurse -File | Measure-Object -Property Length -Sum).Sum
|
||||||
|
$testSize += $size
|
||||||
|
Remove-Item -Path $dir.FullName -Recurse -Force
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
if ($testDirs.Count -gt 0) {
|
||||||
|
Write-Host " 删除 $($testDirs.Count) 个目录,节省 $([math]::Round($testSize / 1MB, 2)) MB"
|
||||||
|
} else {
|
||||||
|
Write-Host " 未发现测试目录(已优化)" -ForegroundColor Gray
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 5. 删除文档和示例
|
||||||
|
Write-Host "`n[5/7] 删除 docs/examples 文档目录..." -ForegroundColor Green
|
||||||
|
$docDirs = Get-ChildItem -Path $DistPath -Recurse -Directory | Where-Object { $_.Name -match '^(docs|examples|samples|demo)$' }
|
||||||
|
$docSize = 0
|
||||||
|
foreach ($dir in $docDirs) {
|
||||||
|
$size = (Get-ChildItem -Path $dir.FullName -Recurse -File | Measure-Object -Property Length -Sum).Sum
|
||||||
|
$docSize += $size
|
||||||
|
Remove-Item -Path $dir.FullName -Recurse -Force
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
if ($docDirs.Count -gt 0) {
|
||||||
|
Write-Host " 删除 $($docDirs.Count) 个目录,节省 $([math]::Round($docSize / 1MB, 2)) MB"
|
||||||
|
} else {
|
||||||
|
Write-Host " 未发现文档目录(已优化)" -ForegroundColor Gray
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 6. 删除 .pyc 文件
|
||||||
|
Write-Host "`n[6/7] 删除 .pyc 字节码..." -ForegroundColor Green
|
||||||
|
$pycFiles = Get-ChildItem -Path $DistPath -Recurse -Include *.pyc -File
|
||||||
|
$pycSize = ($pycFiles | Measure-Object -Property Length -Sum).Sum / 1MB
|
||||||
|
if ($pycFiles.Count -gt 0) {
|
||||||
|
$pycFiles | Remove-Item -Force
|
||||||
|
Write-Host " 删除 $($pycFiles.Count) 个文件,节省 $([math]::Round($pycSize, 2)) MB"
|
||||||
|
} else {
|
||||||
|
Write-Host " 未发现 .pyc 文件(已优化)" -ForegroundColor Gray
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 7. 精简 .dist-info 元数据
|
||||||
|
Write-Host "`n[7/7] 精简 .dist-info 元数据..." -ForegroundColor Green
|
||||||
|
$distInfoDirs = Get-ChildItem -Path $DistPath -Recurse -Directory -Filter "*.dist-info"
|
||||||
|
$removedCount = 0
|
||||||
|
$removedSize = 0
|
||||||
|
foreach ($infoDir in $distInfoDirs) {
|
||||||
|
$filesToRemove = @("RECORD", "INSTALLER", "direct_url.json", "entry_points.txt")
|
||||||
|
foreach ($fileName in $filesToRemove) {
|
||||||
|
$file = Join-Path $infoDir.FullName $fileName
|
||||||
|
if (Test-Path $file) {
|
||||||
|
$size = (Get-Item $file).Length
|
||||||
|
$removedSize += $size
|
||||||
|
Remove-Item $file -Force
|
||||||
|
$removedCount++
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
if ($removedCount -gt 0) {
|
||||||
|
Write-Host " 删除 $removedCount 个元数据文件,节省 $([math]::Round($removedSize / 1MB, 2)) MB"
|
||||||
|
} else {
|
||||||
|
Write-Host " 未发现可清理的元数据(已优化)" -ForegroundColor Gray
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 统计最终体积
|
||||||
|
$FinalSize = (Get-ChildItem -Path $DistPath -Recurse -File | Measure-Object -Property Length -Sum).Sum / 1MB
|
||||||
|
$SavedSize = $InitialSize - $FinalSize
|
||||||
|
$SavedPercent = if ($InitialSize -gt 0) { ($SavedSize / $InitialSize) * 100 } else { 0 }
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Write-Host "`n========================================" -ForegroundColor Cyan
|
||||||
|
Write-Host "清理完成!" -ForegroundColor Green
|
||||||
|
Write-Host "========================================" -ForegroundColor Cyan
|
||||||
|
Write-Host "初始体积: $([math]::Round($InitialSize, 2)) MB" -ForegroundColor Yellow
|
||||||
|
Write-Host "最终体积: $([math]::Round($FinalSize, 2)) MB" -ForegroundColor Green
|
||||||
|
Write-Host "节省空间: $([math]::Round($SavedSize, 2)) MB ($([math]::Round($SavedPercent, 1))%)" -ForegroundColor Cyan
|
||||||
|
Write-Host "========================================`n" -ForegroundColor Cyan
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 对比 某商业级桌面应用
|
||||||
|
Write-Host "[对比参考]" -ForegroundColor Yellow
|
||||||
|
Write-Host "某商业级桌面应用 总体积: 323 MB (包含 PyQt, OpenCV, Playwright 等重量级库)" -ForegroundColor Gray
|
||||||
|
Write-Host "如果你的项目是纯 Tkinter + 标准库,目标应该在 80-150 MB" -ForegroundColor Gray
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**预期效果**:节省 **15-30%** 体积
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 六、DLL 依赖分析工具
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**保存为 `analyze_dlls.py`(用于找出体积大户)**:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```python
|
||||||
|
"""
|
||||||
|
DLL 依赖分析工具
|
||||||
|
参考 某商业级桌面应用 的 DLL 管理策略,帮助识别体积大户和优化建议
|
||||||
|
"""
|
||||||
|
import sys
|
||||||
|
from pathlib import Path
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
def analyze_dlls(dist_path: str):
|
||||||
|
"""分析 dist 目录中的 DLL 依赖"""
|
||||||
|
dist_dir = Path(dist_path)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
if not dist_dir.exists():
|
||||||
|
print(f"[错误] 目录不存在: {dist_path}")
|
||||||
|
return
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
print("=" * 70)
|
||||||
|
print("DLL 依赖分析(参考 某商业级桌面应用 策略)")
|
||||||
|
print("=" * 70)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 收集所有 DLL
|
||||||
|
dll_files = list(dist_dir.rglob("*.dll"))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
if not dll_files:
|
||||||
|
print("\n未发现 DLL 文件")
|
||||||
|
return
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 按大小排序
|
||||||
|
dll_data = [(dll, dll.stat().st_size) for dll in dll_files]
|
||||||
|
dll_data.sort(key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
total_size = sum(size for _, size in dll_data)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
print(f"\n总 DLL 数量: {len(dll_files)}")
|
||||||
|
print(f"总 DLL 体积: {total_size / 1024 / 1024:.2f} MB\n")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 某商业级桌面应用 对比
|
||||||
|
print("[对比参考] 某商业级桌面应用 的 DLL 情况:")
|
||||||
|
print(" - 总数量: 71 个")
|
||||||
|
print(" - 总体积: 93.23 MB")
|
||||||
|
print(" - 最大的: libopenblas (26.85 MB), opengl32sw (15.25 MB)\n")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 分析大于 3MB 的 DLL
|
||||||
|
large_dlls = [(dll, size) for dll, size in dll_data if size > 3 * 1024 * 1024]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
if large_dlls:
|
||||||
|
print("=" * 70)
|
||||||
|
print("⚠️ 大于 3MB 的 DLL(需重点关注)")
|
||||||
|
print("=" * 70)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
for dll, size in large_dlls:
|
||||||
|
size_mb = size / 1024 / 1024
|
||||||
|
relative_path = dll.relative_to(dist_dir)
|
||||||
|
name_lower = dll.name.lower()
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
print(f"\n{size_mb:8.2f} MB {dll.name}")
|
||||||
|
print(f" 位置: {relative_path.parent}")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 优化建议
|
||||||
|
suggestions = get_optimization_suggestion(name_lower)
|
||||||
|
if suggestions:
|
||||||
|
for suggestion in suggestions:
|
||||||
|
print(f" 💡 {suggestion}")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 检查冗余 DLL
|
||||||
|
print("\n" + "=" * 70)
|
||||||
|
print("🔍 冗余检查")
|
||||||
|
print("=" * 70)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 检查调试版本
|
||||||
|
debug_dlls = [dll for dll, _ in dll_data if dll.stem.endswith('d')]
|
||||||
|
if debug_dlls:
|
||||||
|
print(f"\n⚠️ 发现 {len(debug_dlls)} 个调试版本 DLL(可以删除):")
|
||||||
|
for dll in debug_dlls:
|
||||||
|
print(f" - {dll.name}")
|
||||||
|
else:
|
||||||
|
print("\n✅ 未发现调试版本 DLL(已优化)")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# VC++ Runtime
|
||||||
|
vc_runtimes = [dll for dll, _ in dll_data if 'vcruntime' in dll.name.lower() or 'msvcp' in dll.name.lower()]
|
||||||
|
if vc_runtimes:
|
||||||
|
print(f"\n[VC++ Runtime 库] 发现 {len(vc_runtimes)} 个:")
|
||||||
|
for dll in vc_runtimes:
|
||||||
|
size_mb = dll.stat().st_size / 1024 / 1024
|
||||||
|
print(f" - {dll.name} ({size_mb:.2f} MB)")
|
||||||
|
print(" 💡 这些是必需的,某商业级桌面应用 也包含了这些文件")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 全部 DLL 列表
|
||||||
|
print("\n" + "=" * 70)
|
||||||
|
print("📋 完整 DLL 列表(按体积排序,前 20)")
|
||||||
|
print("=" * 70)
|
||||||
|
print(f"\n{'体积 (MB)':>10} {'文件名':<30} 位置")
|
||||||
|
print("-" * 70)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
for dll, size in dll_data[:20]:
|
||||||
|
size_mb = size / 1024 / 1024
|
||||||
|
relative_path = dll.relative_to(dist_dir)
|
||||||
|
location = str(relative_path.parent) if relative_path.parent != Path('.') else "根目录"
|
||||||
|
print(f"{size_mb:10.2f} {dll.name:<30} {location}")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
if len(dll_data) > 20:
|
||||||
|
remaining_size = sum(size for _, size in dll_data[20:]) / 1024 / 1024
|
||||||
|
print(f"... 还有 {len(dll_data) - 20} 个 DLL,共 {remaining_size:.2f} MB")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
def get_optimization_suggestion(dll_name: str) -> list:
|
||||||
|
"""根据 DLL 名称给出优化建议"""
|
||||||
|
suggestions = []
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
if "openblas" in dll_name or "mkl" in dll_name:
|
||||||
|
suggestions.append("数学运算库,某商业级桌面应用 的 libopenblas 有 26.85 MB")
|
||||||
|
suggestions.append("如不需要高性能计算可考虑轻量版")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
elif "opencv" in dll_name or "ffmpeg" in dll_name:
|
||||||
|
suggestions.append("OpenCV 相关,某商业级桌面应用 的 opencv_videoio_ffmpeg 有 18.48 MB")
|
||||||
|
suggestions.append("考虑用 opencv-python-headless")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
elif "qt5" in dll_name or "qt6" in dll_name or "pyside" in dll_name:
|
||||||
|
suggestions.append("Qt 库,某商业级桌面应用 的 Qt5Core 有 5.13 MB")
|
||||||
|
suggestions.append("可排除不需要的模块(WebEngine, 3D, Charts)")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
elif "opengl" in dll_name and "sw" in dll_name:
|
||||||
|
suggestions.append("OpenGL 软件渲染器,某商业级桌面应用 保留了 15.25 MB")
|
||||||
|
suggestions.append("通常可以删除(使用硬件渲染)")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
elif "d3dcompiler" in dll_name:
|
||||||
|
suggestions.append("DirectX 编译器,某商业级桌面应用 有 3.53 MB")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
elif "mfc140" in dll_name:
|
||||||
|
suggestions.append("MFC 库,某商业级桌面应用 有 4.89 MB")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
return suggestions
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||||||
|
if len(sys.argv) < 2:
|
||||||
|
print("用法: python analyze_dlls.py <dist目录路径>")
|
||||||
|
print("示例: python analyze_dlls.py dist/main.dist")
|
||||||
|
sys.exit(1)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
analyze_dlls(sys.argv[1])
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**使用方法**:
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
python analyze_dlls.py dist/你的软件名.dist
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 📋 完整优化工作流
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 步骤 1:修改编译脚本配置
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
编辑 `build_optimized.bat`,修改这 3 行:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```batch
|
||||||
|
set APP_NAME=你的软件名 REM 改成实际名称
|
||||||
|
set MAIN_FILE=main.py REM 你的主程序文件
|
||||||
|
set ICON_FILE=icon.ico REM 你的图标文件
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 步骤 2:一键编译+瘦身
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
# 在项目根目录执行
|
||||||
|
build_optimized.bat
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 步骤 3:分析 DLL 依赖
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
python analyze_dlls.py dist/你的软件名.dist
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 步骤 4:根据分析结果优化
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**如果用了 OpenCV** → 改用无头版
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
pip uninstall opencv-python
|
||||||
|
pip install opencv-python-headless
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**如果用了 Qt** → 排除不需要的模块
|
||||||
|
```batch
|
||||||
|
# 在编译命令中添加
|
||||||
|
--nofollow-import-to=PyQt5.QtWebEngine,PyQt5.Qt3D,PyQt5.QtCharts
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**删除软件渲染器**(如果不需要)
|
||||||
|
```powershell
|
||||||
|
# 在 dist 目录执行
|
||||||
|
Remove-Item "opengl32sw.dll" -Force
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 🎯 VC++ 运行库处理方案
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 方案一:静态链接(推荐)
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
nuitka --static-libpython=yes ...
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 方案二:捆绑运行库安装(商业发布推荐)
|
||||||
|
在 Inno Setup 脚本中添加:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```iss
|
||||||
|
[Files]
|
||||||
|
Source: "{#MySourceDir}\..\vc_redist.x64.exe"; DestDir: "{tmp}"; Flags: deleteafterinstall
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[Run]
|
||||||
|
Filename: "{tmp}\vc_redist.x64.exe"; Parameters: "/quiet /norestart"; StatusMsg: "正在安装运行库..."; Flags: waituntilterminated
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
> 下载地址:[Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/windows/latest-supported-vc-redist)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 📜 Inno Setup 脚本模板(商业终极版)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```iss
|
||||||
|
; =====================================================================
|
||||||
|
; ⚠️ 商业级 Python 安装脚本 (Inno Setup 6.x)
|
||||||
|
; 特性:LZMA2 极限压缩 | 全中文 | 完整元数据 | 无残留卸载
|
||||||
|
; 参考:某商业级桌面应用 (323 MB, LZMA2 压缩)
|
||||||
|
; =====================================================================
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
; --- 1. 参数定义 ---
|
||||||
|
#define MyAppName "{{APP_NAME}}"
|
||||||
|
#define MyAppVersion "{{APP_VERSION}}"
|
||||||
|
#define MyAppPublisher "{{PUBLISHER}}"
|
||||||
|
#define MyAppURL "{{APP_URL}}"
|
||||||
|
#define MyAppExeName "{{EXE_NAME}}"
|
||||||
|
#define MySourceDir "{{SOURCE_DIR}}"
|
||||||
|
#define MyOutputDir "{{OUTPUT_DIR}}"
|
||||||
|
;#define MyIconPath "{{ICON_PATH}}"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[Setup]
|
||||||
|
; --- 身份识别 ---
|
||||||
|
AppId={{GENERATE_RANDOM_GUID}}
|
||||||
|
AppName={#MyAppName}
|
||||||
|
AppVersion={#MyAppVersion}
|
||||||
|
AppPublisher={#MyAppPublisher}
|
||||||
|
AppPublisherURL={#MyAppURL}
|
||||||
|
AppSupportURL={#MyAppURL}
|
||||||
|
AppUpdatesURL={#MyAppURL}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
; --- 安装路径与权限 ---
|
||||||
|
DefaultDirName={autopf}\{#MyAppName}
|
||||||
|
DefaultGroupName={#MyAppName}
|
||||||
|
DisableDirPage=no
|
||||||
|
DisableProgramGroupPage=no
|
||||||
|
PrivilegesRequired=admin
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
; --- 输出设置 ---
|
||||||
|
OutputDir={#MyOutputDir}
|
||||||
|
OutputBaseFilename=Setup_{#MyAppName}_v{#MyAppVersion}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
; --- 视觉体验 ---
|
||||||
|
WizardStyle=modern
|
||||||
|
#ifdef MyIconPath
|
||||||
|
SetupIconFile={#MyIconPath}
|
||||||
|
UninstallDisplayIcon={app}\{#MyAppExeName}
|
||||||
|
#endif
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
; --- 🚀 核心压缩 (参考 某商业级桌面应用) ---
|
||||||
|
Compression=lzma2/ultra64
|
||||||
|
SolidCompression=yes
|
||||||
|
LZMAUseSeparateProcess=yes
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
; --- 架构 ---
|
||||||
|
ArchitecturesInstallIn64BitMode=x64compatible
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[Languages]
|
||||||
|
Name: "chinesesimplified"; MessagesFile: "compiler:Languages\ChineseSimplified.isl"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[Files]
|
||||||
|
Source: "{#MySourceDir}\*"; DestDir: "{app}"; Flags: ignoreversion recursesubdirs createallsubdirs
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[UninstallDelete]
|
||||||
|
Type: filesandordirs; Name: "{app}\*"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[Icons]
|
||||||
|
Name: "{autodesktop}\{#MyAppName}"; Filename: "{app}\{#MyAppExeName}"; Tasks: desktopicon
|
||||||
|
Name: "{group}\{#MyAppName}"; Filename: "{app}\{#MyAppExeName}"
|
||||||
|
Name: "{group}\卸载 {#MyAppName}"; Filename: "{uninstallexe}"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[Tasks]
|
||||||
|
Name: "desktopicon"; Description: "{cm:CreateDesktopIcon}"; GroupDescription: "{cm:AdditionalIcons}"; Flags: unchecked
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[Run]
|
||||||
|
Filename: "{app}\{#MyAppExeName}"; Description: "{cm:LaunchProgram,{#MyAppName}}"; Flags: nowait postinstall skipifsilent
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 占位符说明
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| 占位符 | 说明 | 示例值 |
|
||||||
|
|--------|------|--------|
|
||||||
|
| `{{APP_NAME}}` | 软件显示名称 | `红墨批注` |
|
||||||
|
| `{{APP_VERSION}}` | 版本号 | `1.0.0` |
|
||||||
|
| `{{PUBLISHER}}` | 发布者/公司名 | `MyCompany` |
|
||||||
|
| `{{APP_URL}}` | 官网地址 | `https://example.com` |
|
||||||
|
| `{{EXE_NAME}}` | 主程序文件名 | `RedInk.exe` |
|
||||||
|
| `{{SOURCE_DIR}}` | Nuitka dist 文件夹路径 | `D:\project\dist\RedInk.dist` |
|
||||||
|
| `{{OUTPUT_DIR}}` | 安装包输出路径 | `D:\project\output` |
|
||||||
|
| `{{ICON_PATH}}` | 图标文件路径 | `D:\project\icon.ico` |
|
||||||
|
| `{{GENERATE_RANDOM_GUID}}` | **需生成唯一GUID** | 使用 Inno Setup "Tools > Generate GUID" |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 常见问题 (FAQ)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Q1: 安装后双击程序无反应?
|
||||||
|
1. 打开 CMD,手动运行 exe 查看错误信息
|
||||||
|
2. 检查是否缺少 VC++ 运行库
|
||||||
|
3. 检查 Nuitka 编译是否成功
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Q2: 安装包体积过大?
|
||||||
|
**优化方法**:
|
||||||
|
1. 使用 32 位 Python 编译(节省 20-30%)
|
||||||
|
2. 应用 某商业级桌面应用 的模块排除清单
|
||||||
|
3. 启用 Anti-Bloat 插件
|
||||||
|
4. 执行 dist 文件夹瘦身脚本
|
||||||
|
5. 分析 DLL,移除不必要的大文件
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Q3: 杀毒软件误报?
|
||||||
|
**解决方案**:
|
||||||
|
- 提交到主流杀毒厂商进行白名单申请
|
||||||
|
- 购买代码签名证书(推荐:Sectigo, DigiCert)
|
||||||
|
- 避免使用 UPX 压缩
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Q4: 安装时提示 Windows 已保护你的电脑?
|
||||||
|
- 购买 EV 代码签名证书(可立即获得信任)
|
||||||
|
- 普通代码签名证书需要积累安装量后逐渐获得信任
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 实战问题处理记录(更新 2026-02-07)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- **安装后提示缺少 python3xx.dll**:必须使用 Nuitka `--standalone`;确认 dist 内存在该 dll;不要打单文件版。
|
||||||
|
- **安装后点击无反应**:GUI 启动期可能被重依赖阻塞;将重依赖延迟到"开始导出"再 import;添加日志排查。
|
||||||
|
- **Nuitka + MinGW 在非 ASCII 路径报错**:把源码复制到 ASCII 目录再编译;设置 `PYTHONIOENCODING=utf-8`。
|
||||||
|
- **Inno Setup 警告 `x64` 已弃用**:改为 `ArchitecturesInstallIn64BitMode=x64compatible`。
|
||||||
|
- **`--disable-console` 已废弃**:改用 `--windows-console-mode=disable`。
|
||||||
|
- **dist 出现 `_nuitka_temp.exe`**:在 [Files] 中排除它。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 优化效果预期
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| 优化组合 | 体积减少 | 启动提升 | 风险等级 |
|
||||||
|
|----------|----------|----------|----------|
|
||||||
|
| 基础编译 | 基准 | 基准 | 无 |
|
||||||
|
| + `--lto=yes` | 5-10% | 10-20% | ✅ 无 |
|
||||||
|
| + anti-bloat | 15-25% | - | ✅ 无 |
|
||||||
|
| + 模块排除 | 20-35% | 5% | ✅ 无 |
|
||||||
|
| + dist 瘦身 | 25-40% | - | ✅ 无 |
|
||||||
|
| + 32 位编译 | 40-60% | - | ✅ 无 |
|
||||||
|
| **全部组合** | **45-65%** | **15-25%** | ✅ **无风险** |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
> ⚠️ **不建议使用 UPX 压缩**,虽然能进一步减小体积,但极易触发杀毒软件误报。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**基于 某商业级桌面应用 实战经验优化,助你打造商业级安装包!** 🚀
|
||||||
Loading…
x
Reference in New Issue
Block a user