---
paths:
  - "**/*.spec.ts"
  - "**/*.test.ts"
---
# Angular Testing

> This file extends [common/testing.md](../common/testing.md) with Angular specific content.

## Test Runner

Use the test runner configured by the project. Check `angular.json` and `package.json`; Angular projects commonly use Vitest, Jest, or Jasmine + Karma.

```bash
ng test               # watch mode
ng test --no-watch    # CI mode
```

## TestBed Setup

For standalone components, import the component directly. Call `compileComponents()` for components with external templates.

```typescript
describe('UserCardComponent', () => {
  let fixture: ComponentFixture<UserCardComponent>;

  beforeEach(async () => {
    await TestBed.configureTestingModule({
      imports: [UserCardComponent],
    }).compileComponents();

    fixture = TestBed.createComponent(UserCardComponent);
  });
});
```

## Signal Inputs

Set signal-based inputs via `fixture.componentRef.setInput()`:

```typescript
fixture.componentRef.setInput('user', mockUser);
fixture.detectChanges();
```

## Component Harnesses

Prefer Angular CDK component harnesses over direct DOM queries for UI interaction. Harnesses are more resilient to markup changes.

```typescript
import { HarnessLoader } from '@angular/cdk/testing';
import { TestbedHarnessEnvironment } from '@angular/cdk/testing/testbed';
import { MatButtonHarness } from '@angular/material/button/testing';

let loader: HarnessLoader;

beforeEach(() => {
  loader = TestbedHarnessEnvironment.loader(fixture);
});

it('triggers save on button click', async () => {
  const button = await loader.getHarness(MatButtonHarness.with({ text: 'Save' }));
  await button.click();
  expect(saveSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
});
```

## Router Testing

Use `RouterTestingHarness` for components that depend on the router:

```typescript
import { RouterTestingHarness } from '@angular/router/testing';

it('renders user on navigation', async () => {
  const harness = await RouterTestingHarness.create();
  const component = await harness.navigateByUrl('/users/1', UserDetailComponent);
  expect(component.userId()).toBe('1');
});
```

## Async Testing

Use `fakeAsync` + `tick` for controlled async. Use `waitForAsync` for real async with `fixture.whenStable()`.

```typescript
it('loads user after delay', fakeAsync(() => {
  const service = TestBed.inject(UserService);
  vi.spyOn(service, 'getUser').mockReturnValue(of(mockUser));

  fixture.detectChanges();
  tick();
  fixture.detectChanges();

  expect(fixture.nativeElement.querySelector('.name').textContent).toBe(mockUser.name);
}));
```

## HTTP Testing

```typescript
import { provideHttpClientTesting } from '@angular/common/http/testing';
import { HttpTestingController } from '@angular/common/http/testing';

beforeEach(() => {
  TestBed.configureTestingModule({
    providers: [provideHttpClient(), provideHttpClientTesting()],
  });
  httpMock = TestBed.inject(HttpTestingController);
});

afterEach(() => httpMock.verify());
```

## Service Testing

Inject services directly without a component fixture:

```typescript
describe('UserService', () => {
  let service: UserService;

  beforeEach(() => {
    TestBed.configureTestingModule({
      providers: [provideHttpClient(), provideHttpClientTesting()],
    });
    service = TestBed.inject(UserService);
  });
});
```

## What to Test

- **Services**: All public methods, error paths, HTTP interactions
- **Components**: Input/output bindings, rendered output for key states, user interactions via harnesses
- **Pipes**: Pure transformation — plain unit tests, no TestBed needed
- **Guards/Resolvers**: Return values for allowed and denied states using `RouterTestingHarness`

## E2E Testing

Use the project's configured E2E framework, such as Cypress or Playwright, for critical user flows.

```typescript
describe('Login flow', () => {
  it('redirects to dashboard on valid credentials', () => {
    cy.visit('/login');
    cy.get('[data-cy=email]').type('user@example.com');
    cy.get('[data-cy=password]').type('password123');
    cy.get('[data-cy=submit]').click();
    cy.url().should('include', '/dashboard');
  });
});
```

- Add `data-cy` attributes to interactive elements for stable selectors
- Do not rely on CSS classes or text content for selectors in E2E tests

## Coverage

Target ≥80% for services and pipes. Components: test behaviour, not implementation details.

## Skill Reference

See skill: `angular-developer` for comprehensive testing patterns, harness usage, and async best practices.