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Translate everything-claude-code repository to Japanese including: - 17 root documentation files - 60 agent documentation files - 80 command documentation files - 99 rule files across 18 language directories (common, angular, arkts, cpp, csharp, dart, fsharp, golang, java, kotlin, perl, php, python, ruby, rust, swift, typescript, web) - 199 skill documentation files Total: 455 files translated to Japanese with: - Consistent terminology glossary applied throughout - YAML field names preserved in English (name, description, etc.) - Code blocks and examples untouched (comments translated) - Markdown structure and relative links preserved - Professional translation maintaining technical accuracy This translation expands ECC accessibility to Japanese-speaking developers and teams. Co-Authored-By: Claude Haiku 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
720 lines
23 KiB
Markdown
720 lines
23 KiB
Markdown
---
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name: kotlin-exposed-patterns
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description: JetBrains Exposed ORM パターン(DSL クエリ、DAO パターン、トランザクション、HikariCP 接続プーリング、Flyway マイグレーション、リポジトリパターンを含む)。
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origin: ECC
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---
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# Kotlin Exposed パターン
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JetBrains Exposed ORM を使用したデータベースアクセスの包括的なパターン(DSL クエリ、DAO、トランザクション、プロダクション対応の設定を含む)。
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## 使用するタイミング
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- Exposed を使用したデータベースアクセスの設定
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- Exposed DSL または DAO を使用した SQL クエリの作成
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- HikariCP を使用した接続プーリングの設定
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- Flyway を使用したデータベースマイグレーションの作成
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- Exposed を使用したリポジトリパターンの実装
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- JSON カラムと複雑なクエリの処理
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## 動作の仕組み
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Exposed は 2 つのクエリスタイルを提供します: 直接 SQL に似た表現のための DSL と、エンティティライフサイクル管理のための DAO です。HikariCP は `HikariConfig` を通じて設定された再利用可能なデータベース接続のプールを管理します。Flyway はスタートアップ時にバージョン管理された SQL マイグレーションスクリプトを実行してスキーマを同期させます。すべてのデータベース操作はコルーチンの安全性とアトミシティのために `newSuspendedTransaction` ブロック内で実行されます。リポジトリパターンはビジネスロジックをデータレイヤーから切り離し、テストがインメモリ H2 データベースを使用できるようにします。
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## 使用例
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### DSL クエリ
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```kotlin
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suspend fun findUserById(id: UUID): UserRow? =
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newSuspendedTransaction {
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UsersTable.selectAll()
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.where { UsersTable.id eq id }
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.map { it.toUser() }
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.singleOrNull()
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}
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```
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### DAO エンティティの使用
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```kotlin
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suspend fun createUser(request: CreateUserRequest): User =
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newSuspendedTransaction {
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UserEntity.new {
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name = request.name
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email = request.email
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role = request.role
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}.toModel()
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}
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```
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### HikariCP 設定
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```kotlin
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val hikariConfig = HikariConfig().apply {
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driverClassName = config.driver
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jdbcUrl = config.url
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username = config.username
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password = config.password
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maximumPoolSize = config.maxPoolSize
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isAutoCommit = false
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transactionIsolation = "TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED"
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validate()
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}
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```
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## データベースセットアップ
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### HikariCP 接続プーリング
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```kotlin
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// DatabaseFactory.kt
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object DatabaseFactory {
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fun create(config: DatabaseConfig): Database {
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val hikariConfig = HikariConfig().apply {
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driverClassName = config.driver
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jdbcUrl = config.url
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username = config.username
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password = config.password
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maximumPoolSize = config.maxPoolSize
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isAutoCommit = false
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transactionIsolation = "TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED"
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validate()
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}
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return Database.connect(HikariDataSource(hikariConfig))
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}
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}
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data class DatabaseConfig(
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val url: String,
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val driver: String = "org.postgresql.Driver",
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val username: String = "",
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val password: String = "",
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val maxPoolSize: Int = 10,
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)
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```
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### Flyway マイグレーション
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```kotlin
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// FlywayMigration.kt
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fun runMigrations(config: DatabaseConfig) {
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Flyway.configure()
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.dataSource(config.url, config.username, config.password)
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.locations("classpath:db/migration")
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.baselineOnMigrate(true)
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.load()
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.migrate()
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}
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// アプリケーションスタートアップ
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fun Application.module() {
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val config = DatabaseConfig(
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url = environment.config.property("database.url").getString(),
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username = environment.config.property("database.username").getString(),
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password = environment.config.property("database.password").getString(),
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)
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runMigrations(config)
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val database = DatabaseFactory.create(config)
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// ...
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}
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```
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### マイグレーションファイル
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```sql
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-- src/main/resources/db/migration/V1__create_users.sql
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CREATE TABLE users (
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id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
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name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
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email VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL UNIQUE,
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role VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'USER',
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metadata JSONB,
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created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
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updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
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);
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CREATE INDEX idx_users_email ON users(email);
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CREATE INDEX idx_users_role ON users(role);
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```
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## テーブル定義
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### DSL スタイルのテーブル
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```kotlin
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// tables/UsersTable.kt
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object UsersTable : UUIDTable("users") {
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val name = varchar("name", 100)
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val email = varchar("email", 255).uniqueIndex()
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val role = enumerationByName<Role>("role", 20)
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val metadata = jsonb<UserMetadata>("metadata", Json.Default).nullable()
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val createdAt = timestampWithTimeZone("created_at").defaultExpression(CurrentTimestampWithTimeZone)
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val updatedAt = timestampWithTimeZone("updated_at").defaultExpression(CurrentTimestampWithTimeZone)
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}
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object OrdersTable : UUIDTable("orders") {
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val userId = uuid("user_id").references(UsersTable.id)
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val status = enumerationByName<OrderStatus>("status", 20)
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val totalAmount = long("total_amount")
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val currency = varchar("currency", 3)
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val createdAt = timestampWithTimeZone("created_at").defaultExpression(CurrentTimestampWithTimeZone)
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}
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object OrderItemsTable : UUIDTable("order_items") {
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val orderId = uuid("order_id").references(OrdersTable.id, onDelete = ReferenceOption.CASCADE)
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val productId = uuid("product_id")
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val quantity = integer("quantity")
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val unitPrice = long("unit_price")
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}
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```
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### 複合テーブル
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```kotlin
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object UserRolesTable : Table("user_roles") {
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val userId = uuid("user_id").references(UsersTable.id, onDelete = ReferenceOption.CASCADE)
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val roleId = uuid("role_id").references(RolesTable.id, onDelete = ReferenceOption.CASCADE)
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override val primaryKey = PrimaryKey(userId, roleId)
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}
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```
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## DSL クエリ
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### 基本的な CRUD
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```kotlin
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// 挿入
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suspend fun insertUser(name: String, email: String, role: Role): UUID =
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newSuspendedTransaction {
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UsersTable.insertAndGetId {
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it[UsersTable.name] = name
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it[UsersTable.email] = email
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it[UsersTable.role] = role
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}.value
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}
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// ID で選択
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suspend fun findUserById(id: UUID): UserRow? =
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newSuspendedTransaction {
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UsersTable.selectAll()
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.where { UsersTable.id eq id }
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.map { it.toUser() }
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.singleOrNull()
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}
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// 条件付き選択
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suspend fun findActiveAdmins(): List<UserRow> =
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newSuspendedTransaction {
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UsersTable.selectAll()
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.where { (UsersTable.role eq Role.ADMIN) }
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.orderBy(UsersTable.name)
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.map { it.toUser() }
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}
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// 更新
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suspend fun updateUserEmail(id: UUID, newEmail: String): Boolean =
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newSuspendedTransaction {
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UsersTable.update({ UsersTable.id eq id }) {
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it[email] = newEmail
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it[updatedAt] = CurrentTimestampWithTimeZone
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} > 0
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}
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// 削除
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suspend fun deleteUser(id: UUID): Boolean =
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newSuspendedTransaction {
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UsersTable.deleteWhere { UsersTable.id eq id } > 0
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}
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// 行マッピング
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private fun ResultRow.toUser() = UserRow(
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id = this[UsersTable.id].value,
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name = this[UsersTable.name],
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email = this[UsersTable.email],
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role = this[UsersTable.role],
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metadata = this[UsersTable.metadata],
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createdAt = this[UsersTable.createdAt],
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updatedAt = this[UsersTable.updatedAt],
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)
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```
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### 高度なクエリ
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```kotlin
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// JOIN クエリ
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suspend fun findOrdersWithUser(userId: UUID): List<OrderWithUser> =
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newSuspendedTransaction {
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(OrdersTable innerJoin UsersTable)
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.selectAll()
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.where { OrdersTable.userId eq userId }
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.orderBy(OrdersTable.createdAt, SortOrder.DESC)
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.map { row ->
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OrderWithUser(
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orderId = row[OrdersTable.id].value,
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status = row[OrdersTable.status],
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totalAmount = row[OrdersTable.totalAmount],
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userName = row[UsersTable.name],
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)
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}
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}
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// 集計
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suspend fun countUsersByRole(): Map<Role, Long> =
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newSuspendedTransaction {
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UsersTable
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.select(UsersTable.role, UsersTable.id.count())
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.groupBy(UsersTable.role)
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.associate { row ->
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row[UsersTable.role] to row[UsersTable.id.count()]
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}
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}
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// サブクエリ
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suspend fun findUsersWithOrders(): List<UserRow> =
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newSuspendedTransaction {
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UsersTable.selectAll()
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.where {
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UsersTable.id inSubQuery
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OrdersTable.select(OrdersTable.userId).withDistinct()
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}
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.map { it.toUser() }
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}
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// LIKE とパターンマッチング — ワイルドカードインジェクションを防ぐため常にユーザー入力をエスケープ
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private fun escapeLikePattern(input: String): String =
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input.replace("\\", "\\\\").replace("%", "\\%").replace("_", "\\_")
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suspend fun searchUsers(query: String): List<UserRow> =
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newSuspendedTransaction {
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val sanitized = escapeLikePattern(query.lowercase())
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UsersTable.selectAll()
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.where {
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(UsersTable.name.lowerCase() like "%${sanitized}%") or
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(UsersTable.email.lowerCase() like "%${sanitized}%")
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}
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.map { it.toUser() }
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}
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```
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### ページネーション
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```kotlin
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data class Page<T>(
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val data: List<T>,
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val total: Long,
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val page: Int,
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val limit: Int,
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) {
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val totalPages: Int get() = ((total + limit - 1) / limit).toInt()
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val hasNext: Boolean get() = page < totalPages
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val hasPrevious: Boolean get() = page > 1
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}
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suspend fun findUsersPaginated(page: Int, limit: Int): Page<UserRow> =
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newSuspendedTransaction {
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val total = UsersTable.selectAll().count()
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val data = UsersTable.selectAll()
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.orderBy(UsersTable.createdAt, SortOrder.DESC)
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.limit(limit)
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.offset(((page - 1) * limit).toLong())
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.map { it.toUser() }
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Page(data = data, total = total, page = page, limit = limit)
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}
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```
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### バッチ操作
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```kotlin
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// バッチ挿入
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suspend fun insertUsers(users: List<CreateUserRequest>): List<UUID> =
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newSuspendedTransaction {
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UsersTable.batchInsert(users) { user ->
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this[UsersTable.name] = user.name
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this[UsersTable.email] = user.email
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this[UsersTable.role] = user.role
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}.map { it[UsersTable.id].value }
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}
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// アップサート(競合時に挿入または更新)
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suspend fun upsertUser(id: UUID, name: String, email: String) {
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newSuspendedTransaction {
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UsersTable.upsert(UsersTable.email) {
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it[UsersTable.id] = EntityID(id, UsersTable)
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it[UsersTable.name] = name
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it[UsersTable.email] = email
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it[updatedAt] = CurrentTimestampWithTimeZone
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}
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}
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}
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```
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## DAO パターン
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### エンティティ定義
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```kotlin
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// entities/UserEntity.kt
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class UserEntity(id: EntityID<UUID>) : UUIDEntity(id) {
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companion object : UUIDEntityClass<UserEntity>(UsersTable)
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var name by UsersTable.name
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var email by UsersTable.email
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var role by UsersTable.role
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var metadata by UsersTable.metadata
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var createdAt by UsersTable.createdAt
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var updatedAt by UsersTable.updatedAt
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val orders by OrderEntity referrersOn OrdersTable.userId
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fun toModel(): User = User(
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id = id.value,
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name = name,
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email = email,
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role = role,
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metadata = metadata,
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createdAt = createdAt,
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updatedAt = updatedAt,
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)
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}
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class OrderEntity(id: EntityID<UUID>) : UUIDEntity(id) {
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companion object : UUIDEntityClass<OrderEntity>(OrdersTable)
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var user by UserEntity referencedOn OrdersTable.userId
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var status by OrdersTable.status
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var totalAmount by OrdersTable.totalAmount
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var currency by OrdersTable.currency
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var createdAt by OrdersTable.createdAt
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val items by OrderItemEntity referrersOn OrderItemsTable.orderId
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}
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```
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### DAO 操作
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```kotlin
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suspend fun findUserByEmail(email: String): User? =
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newSuspendedTransaction {
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UserEntity.find { UsersTable.email eq email }
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.firstOrNull()
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?.toModel()
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}
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suspend fun createUser(request: CreateUserRequest): User =
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newSuspendedTransaction {
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UserEntity.new {
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name = request.name
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email = request.email
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role = request.role
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}.toModel()
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}
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suspend fun updateUser(id: UUID, request: UpdateUserRequest): User? =
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newSuspendedTransaction {
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UserEntity.findById(id)?.apply {
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request.name?.let { name = it }
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request.email?.let { email = it }
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updatedAt = OffsetDateTime.now(ZoneOffset.UTC)
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}?.toModel()
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}
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```
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## トランザクション
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### サスペンドトランザクションのサポート
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```kotlin
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// 良い例: コルーチンサポートのために newSuspendedTransaction を使用
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suspend fun performDatabaseOperation(): Result<User> =
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runCatching {
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newSuspendedTransaction {
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val user = UserEntity.new {
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name = "Alice"
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email = "alice@example.com"
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}
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// このブロック内のすべての操作はアトミック
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user.toModel()
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}
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}
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// 良い例: セーブポイントによるネストされたトランザクション
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suspend fun transferFunds(fromId: UUID, toId: UUID, amount: Long) {
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newSuspendedTransaction {
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val from = UserEntity.findById(fromId) ?: throw NotFoundException("User $fromId not found")
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val to = UserEntity.findById(toId) ?: throw NotFoundException("User $toId not found")
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// デビット
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from.balance -= amount
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// クレジット
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to.balance += amount
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// 両方が成功するか両方が失敗するか
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}
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}
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```
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### トランザクション分離
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```kotlin
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suspend fun readCommittedQuery(): List<User> =
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newSuspendedTransaction(transactionIsolation = Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED) {
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UserEntity.all().map { it.toModel() }
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}
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suspend fun serializableOperation() {
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newSuspendedTransaction(transactionIsolation = Connection.TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE) {
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// クリティカルな操作のための最も厳格な分離レベル
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}
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}
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```
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|
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## リポジトリパターン
|
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|
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### インターフェース定義
|
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|
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```kotlin
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interface UserRepository {
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suspend fun findById(id: UUID): User?
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suspend fun findByEmail(email: String): User?
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suspend fun findAll(page: Int, limit: Int): Page<User>
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suspend fun search(query: String): List<User>
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suspend fun create(request: CreateUserRequest): User
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suspend fun update(id: UUID, request: UpdateUserRequest): User?
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suspend fun delete(id: UUID): Boolean
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suspend fun count(): Long
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}
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```
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|
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### Exposed 実装
|
||
|
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```kotlin
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class ExposedUserRepository(
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private val database: Database,
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) : UserRepository {
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override suspend fun findById(id: UUID): User? =
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newSuspendedTransaction(db = database) {
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UsersTable.selectAll()
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.where { UsersTable.id eq id }
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.map { it.toUser() }
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.singleOrNull()
|
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}
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||
|
||
override suspend fun findByEmail(email: String): User? =
|
||
newSuspendedTransaction(db = database) {
|
||
UsersTable.selectAll()
|
||
.where { UsersTable.email eq email }
|
||
.map { it.toUser() }
|
||
.singleOrNull()
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
override suspend fun findAll(page: Int, limit: Int): Page<User> =
|
||
newSuspendedTransaction(db = database) {
|
||
val total = UsersTable.selectAll().count()
|
||
val data = UsersTable.selectAll()
|
||
.orderBy(UsersTable.createdAt, SortOrder.DESC)
|
||
.limit(limit)
|
||
.offset(((page - 1) * limit).toLong())
|
||
.map { it.toUser() }
|
||
Page(data = data, total = total, page = page, limit = limit)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
override suspend fun search(query: String): List<User> =
|
||
newSuspendedTransaction(db = database) {
|
||
val sanitized = escapeLikePattern(query.lowercase())
|
||
UsersTable.selectAll()
|
||
.where {
|
||
(UsersTable.name.lowerCase() like "%${sanitized}%") or
|
||
(UsersTable.email.lowerCase() like "%${sanitized}%")
|
||
}
|
||
.orderBy(UsersTable.name)
|
||
.map { it.toUser() }
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
override suspend fun create(request: CreateUserRequest): User =
|
||
newSuspendedTransaction(db = database) {
|
||
UsersTable.insert {
|
||
it[name] = request.name
|
||
it[email] = request.email
|
||
it[role] = request.role
|
||
}.resultedValues!!.first().toUser()
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
override suspend fun update(id: UUID, request: UpdateUserRequest): User? =
|
||
newSuspendedTransaction(db = database) {
|
||
val updated = UsersTable.update({ UsersTable.id eq id }) {
|
||
request.name?.let { name -> it[UsersTable.name] = name }
|
||
request.email?.let { email -> it[UsersTable.email] = email }
|
||
it[updatedAt] = CurrentTimestampWithTimeZone
|
||
}
|
||
if (updated > 0) findById(id) else null
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
override suspend fun delete(id: UUID): Boolean =
|
||
newSuspendedTransaction(db = database) {
|
||
UsersTable.deleteWhere { UsersTable.id eq id } > 0
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
override suspend fun count(): Long =
|
||
newSuspendedTransaction(db = database) {
|
||
UsersTable.selectAll().count()
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
private fun ResultRow.toUser() = User(
|
||
id = this[UsersTable.id].value,
|
||
name = this[UsersTable.name],
|
||
email = this[UsersTable.email],
|
||
role = this[UsersTable.role],
|
||
metadata = this[UsersTable.metadata],
|
||
createdAt = this[UsersTable.createdAt],
|
||
updatedAt = this[UsersTable.updatedAt],
|
||
)
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## JSON カラム
|
||
|
||
### kotlinx.serialization を使用した JSONB
|
||
|
||
```kotlin
|
||
// JSONB のカスタムカラム型
|
||
inline fun <reified T : Any> Table.jsonb(
|
||
name: String,
|
||
json: Json,
|
||
): Column<T> = registerColumn(name, object : ColumnType<T>() {
|
||
override fun sqlType() = "JSONB"
|
||
|
||
override fun valueFromDB(value: Any): T = when (value) {
|
||
is String -> json.decodeFromString(value)
|
||
is PGobject -> {
|
||
val jsonString = value.value
|
||
?: throw IllegalArgumentException("PGobject value is null for column '$name'")
|
||
json.decodeFromString(jsonString)
|
||
}
|
||
else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected value: $value")
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
override fun notNullValueToDB(value: T): Any =
|
||
PGobject().apply {
|
||
type = "jsonb"
|
||
this.value = json.encodeToString(value)
|
||
}
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
// テーブルでの使用
|
||
@Serializable
|
||
data class UserMetadata(
|
||
val preferences: Map<String, String> = emptyMap(),
|
||
val tags: List<String> = emptyList(),
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
object UsersTable : UUIDTable("users") {
|
||
val metadata = jsonb<UserMetadata>("metadata", Json.Default).nullable()
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Exposed でのテスト
|
||
|
||
### テスト用インメモリデータベース
|
||
|
||
```kotlin
|
||
class UserRepositoryTest : FunSpec({
|
||
lateinit var database: Database
|
||
lateinit var repository: UserRepository
|
||
|
||
beforeSpec {
|
||
database = Database.connect(
|
||
url = "jdbc:h2:mem:test;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1;MODE=PostgreSQL",
|
||
driver = "org.h2.Driver",
|
||
)
|
||
transaction(database) {
|
||
SchemaUtils.create(UsersTable)
|
||
}
|
||
repository = ExposedUserRepository(database)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
beforeTest {
|
||
transaction(database) {
|
||
UsersTable.deleteAll()
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
test("create and find user") {
|
||
val user = repository.create(CreateUserRequest("Alice", "alice@example.com"))
|
||
|
||
user.name shouldBe "Alice"
|
||
user.email shouldBe "alice@example.com"
|
||
|
||
val found = repository.findById(user.id)
|
||
found shouldBe user
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
test("findByEmail returns null for unknown email") {
|
||
val result = repository.findByEmail("unknown@example.com")
|
||
result.shouldBeNull()
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
test("pagination works correctly") {
|
||
repeat(25) { i ->
|
||
repository.create(CreateUserRequest("User $i", "user$i@example.com"))
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
val page1 = repository.findAll(page = 1, limit = 10)
|
||
page1.data shouldHaveSize 10
|
||
page1.total shouldBe 25
|
||
page1.hasNext shouldBe true
|
||
|
||
val page3 = repository.findAll(page = 3, limit = 10)
|
||
page3.data shouldHaveSize 5
|
||
page3.hasNext shouldBe false
|
||
}
|
||
})
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Gradle 依存関係
|
||
|
||
```kotlin
|
||
// build.gradle.kts
|
||
dependencies {
|
||
// Exposed
|
||
implementation("org.jetbrains.exposed:exposed-core:1.0.0")
|
||
implementation("org.jetbrains.exposed:exposed-dao:1.0.0")
|
||
implementation("org.jetbrains.exposed:exposed-jdbc:1.0.0")
|
||
implementation("org.jetbrains.exposed:exposed-kotlin-datetime:1.0.0")
|
||
implementation("org.jetbrains.exposed:exposed-json:1.0.0")
|
||
|
||
// データベースドライバー
|
||
implementation("org.postgresql:postgresql:42.7.5")
|
||
|
||
// 接続プーリング
|
||
implementation("com.zaxxer:HikariCP:6.2.1")
|
||
|
||
// マイグレーション
|
||
implementation("org.flywaydb:flyway-core:10.22.0")
|
||
implementation("org.flywaydb:flyway-database-postgresql:10.22.0")
|
||
|
||
// テスト
|
||
testImplementation("com.h2database:h2:2.3.232")
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## クイックリファレンス: Exposed パターン
|
||
|
||
| パターン | 説明 |
|
||
|---------|------|
|
||
| `object Table : UUIDTable("name")` | UUID 主キーを持つテーブルを定義 |
|
||
| `newSuspendedTransaction { }` | コルーチン安全なトランザクションブロック |
|
||
| `Table.selectAll().where { }` | 条件付きクエリ |
|
||
| `Table.insertAndGetId { }` | 挿入して生成された ID を返す |
|
||
| `Table.update({ condition }) { }` | 一致する行を更新 |
|
||
| `Table.deleteWhere { }` | 一致する行を削除 |
|
||
| `Table.batchInsert(items) { }` | 効率的なバルク挿入 |
|
||
| `innerJoin` / `leftJoin` | テーブルの結合 |
|
||
| `orderBy` / `limit` / `offset` | ソートとページネーション |
|
||
| `count()` / `sum()` / `avg()` | 集計関数 |
|
||
|
||
**覚えておくこと**: シンプルなクエリには DSL スタイルを、エンティティライフサイクル管理が必要な場合は DAO スタイルを使用してください。コルーチンサポートには必ず `newSuspendedTransaction` を使用し、テスト可能性のためにデータベース操作をリポジトリインターフェースの後ろにラップしてください。
|