mirror of
https://github.com/affaan-m/everything-claude-code.git
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Translate everything-claude-code repository to Japanese including: - 17 root documentation files - 60 agent documentation files - 80 command documentation files - 99 rule files across 18 language directories (common, angular, arkts, cpp, csharp, dart, fsharp, golang, java, kotlin, perl, php, python, ruby, rust, swift, typescript, web) - 199 skill documentation files Total: 455 files translated to Japanese with: - Consistent terminology glossary applied throughout - YAML field names preserved in English (name, description, etc.) - Code blocks and examples untouched (comments translated) - Markdown structure and relative links preserved - Professional translation maintaining technical accuracy This translation expands ECC accessibility to Japanese-speaking developers and teams. Co-Authored-By: Claude Haiku 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
690 lines
20 KiB
Markdown
690 lines
20 KiB
Markdown
---
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name: kotlin-ktor-patterns
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description: Ktor サーバーパターン(ルーティング DSL、プラグイン、認証、Koin DI、kotlinx.serialization、WebSocket、testApplication テストを含む)。
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origin: ECC
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---
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# Ktor サーバーパターン
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Kotlin コルーチンで堅牢かつ保守性の高い HTTP サーバーを構築するための包括的な Ktor パターン。
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## アクティベートするタイミング
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- Ktor HTTP サーバーの構築
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- Ktor プラグインの設定(Auth、CORS、ContentNegotiation、StatusPages)
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- Ktor を使用した REST API の実装
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- Koin を使用した依存性注入の設定
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- testApplication を使用した Ktor インテグレーションテストの作成
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- Ktor での WebSocket の使用
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## アプリケーション構造
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### 標準的な Ktor プロジェクトレイアウト
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```text
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src/main/kotlin/
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├── com/example/
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│ ├── Application.kt # エントリーポイント、モジュール設定
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│ ├── plugins/
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│ │ ├── Routing.kt # ルート定義
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│ │ ├── Serialization.kt # コンテントネゴシエーション設定
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│ │ ├── Authentication.kt # 認証設定
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│ │ ├── StatusPages.kt # エラーハンドリング
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│ │ └── CORS.kt # CORS 設定
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│ ├── routes/
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│ │ ├── UserRoutes.kt # /users エンドポイント
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│ │ ├── AuthRoutes.kt # /auth エンドポイント
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│ │ └── HealthRoutes.kt # /health エンドポイント
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│ ├── models/
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│ │ ├── User.kt # ドメインモデル
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│ │ └── ApiResponse.kt # レスポンスエンベロープ
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│ ├── services/
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│ │ ├── UserService.kt # ビジネスロジック
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│ │ └── AuthService.kt # 認証ロジック
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│ ├── repositories/
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│ │ ├── UserRepository.kt # データアクセスインターフェース
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│ │ └── ExposedUserRepository.kt
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│ └── di/
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│ └── AppModule.kt # Koin モジュール
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src/test/kotlin/
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├── com/example/
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│ ├── routes/
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│ │ └── UserRoutesTest.kt
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│ └── services/
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│ └── UserServiceTest.kt
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```
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### アプリケーションエントリーポイント
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```kotlin
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// Application.kt
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fun main() {
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embeddedServer(Netty, port = 8080, module = Application::module).start(wait = true)
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}
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fun Application.module() {
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configureSerialization()
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configureAuthentication()
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configureStatusPages()
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configureCORS()
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configureDI()
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configureRouting()
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}
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```
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## ルーティング DSL
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### 基本ルート
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```kotlin
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// plugins/Routing.kt
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fun Application.configureRouting() {
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routing {
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userRoutes()
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authRoutes()
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healthRoutes()
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}
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}
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// routes/UserRoutes.kt
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fun Route.userRoutes() {
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val userService by inject<UserService>()
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route("/users") {
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get {
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val users = userService.getAll()
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call.respond(users)
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}
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get("/{id}") {
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val id = call.parameters["id"]
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?: return@get call.respond(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest, "Missing id")
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val user = userService.getById(id)
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?: return@get call.respond(HttpStatusCode.NotFound)
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call.respond(user)
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}
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post {
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val request = call.receive<CreateUserRequest>()
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val user = userService.create(request)
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call.respond(HttpStatusCode.Created, user)
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}
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put("/{id}") {
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val id = call.parameters["id"]
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?: return@put call.respond(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest, "Missing id")
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val request = call.receive<UpdateUserRequest>()
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val user = userService.update(id, request)
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?: return@put call.respond(HttpStatusCode.NotFound)
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call.respond(user)
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}
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delete("/{id}") {
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val id = call.parameters["id"]
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?: return@delete call.respond(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest, "Missing id")
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val deleted = userService.delete(id)
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if (deleted) call.respond(HttpStatusCode.NoContent)
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else call.respond(HttpStatusCode.NotFound)
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}
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}
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}
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```
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### 認証ルートを使用したルート整理
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```kotlin
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fun Route.userRoutes() {
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route("/users") {
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// パブリックルート
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get { /* ユーザー一覧 */ }
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get("/{id}") { /* ユーザー取得 */ }
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// 保護されたルート
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authenticate("jwt") {
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post { /* ユーザー作成 - 認証が必要 */ }
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put("/{id}") { /* ユーザー更新 - 認証が必要 */ }
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delete("/{id}") { /* ユーザー削除 - 認証が必要 */ }
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}
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}
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}
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```
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## コンテントネゴシエーションとシリアライゼーション
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### kotlinx.serialization セットアップ
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```kotlin
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// plugins/Serialization.kt
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fun Application.configureSerialization() {
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install(ContentNegotiation) {
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json(Json {
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prettyPrint = true
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isLenient = false
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ignoreUnknownKeys = true
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encodeDefaults = true
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explicitNulls = false
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})
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}
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}
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```
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### シリアライズ可能なモデル
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```kotlin
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@Serializable
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data class UserResponse(
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val id: String,
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val name: String,
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val email: String,
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val role: Role,
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@Serializable(with = InstantSerializer::class)
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val createdAt: Instant,
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)
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@Serializable
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data class CreateUserRequest(
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val name: String,
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val email: String,
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val role: Role = Role.USER,
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)
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@Serializable
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data class ApiResponse<T>(
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val success: Boolean,
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val data: T? = null,
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val error: String? = null,
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) {
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companion object {
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fun <T> ok(data: T): ApiResponse<T> = ApiResponse(success = true, data = data)
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fun <T> error(message: String): ApiResponse<T> = ApiResponse(success = false, error = message)
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}
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}
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@Serializable
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data class PaginatedResponse<T>(
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val data: List<T>,
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val total: Long,
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val page: Int,
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val limit: Int,
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)
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```
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### カスタムシリアライザー
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```kotlin
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object InstantSerializer : KSerializer<Instant> {
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override val descriptor = PrimitiveSerialDescriptor("Instant", PrimitiveKind.STRING)
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override fun serialize(encoder: Encoder, value: Instant) =
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encoder.encodeString(value.toString())
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override fun deserialize(decoder: Decoder): Instant =
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Instant.parse(decoder.decodeString())
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}
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```
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## 認証
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### JWT 認証
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```kotlin
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// plugins/Authentication.kt
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fun Application.configureAuthentication() {
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val jwtSecret = environment.config.property("jwt.secret").getString()
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val jwtIssuer = environment.config.property("jwt.issuer").getString()
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val jwtAudience = environment.config.property("jwt.audience").getString()
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val jwtRealm = environment.config.property("jwt.realm").getString()
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install(Authentication) {
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jwt("jwt") {
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realm = jwtRealm
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verifier(
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JWT.require(Algorithm.HMAC256(jwtSecret))
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.withAudience(jwtAudience)
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.withIssuer(jwtIssuer)
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.build()
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)
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validate { credential ->
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if (credential.payload.audience.contains(jwtAudience)) {
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JWTPrincipal(credential.payload)
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} else {
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null
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}
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}
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challenge { _, _ ->
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call.respond(HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized, ApiResponse.error<Unit>("Invalid or expired token"))
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}
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}
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}
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}
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// JWT からユーザーを取得
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fun ApplicationCall.userId(): String =
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principal<JWTPrincipal>()
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?.payload
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?.getClaim("userId")
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?.asString()
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?: throw AuthenticationException("No userId in token")
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```
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### 認証ルート
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```kotlin
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fun Route.authRoutes() {
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val authService by inject<AuthService>()
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route("/auth") {
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post("/login") {
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val request = call.receive<LoginRequest>()
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val token = authService.login(request.email, request.password)
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?: return@post call.respond(
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HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized,
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ApiResponse.error<Unit>("Invalid credentials"),
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)
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call.respond(ApiResponse.ok(TokenResponse(token)))
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}
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post("/register") {
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val request = call.receive<RegisterRequest>()
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val user = authService.register(request)
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call.respond(HttpStatusCode.Created, ApiResponse.ok(user))
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}
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authenticate("jwt") {
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get("/me") {
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val userId = call.userId()
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val user = authService.getProfile(userId)
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call.respond(ApiResponse.ok(user))
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}
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}
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}
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}
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```
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## StatusPages(エラーハンドリング)
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```kotlin
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// plugins/StatusPages.kt
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fun Application.configureStatusPages() {
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install(StatusPages) {
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exception<ContentTransformationException> { call, cause ->
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call.respond(
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HttpStatusCode.BadRequest,
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ApiResponse.error<Unit>("Invalid request body: ${cause.message}"),
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)
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}
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exception<IllegalArgumentException> { call, cause ->
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call.respond(
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HttpStatusCode.BadRequest,
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ApiResponse.error<Unit>(cause.message ?: "Bad request"),
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)
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}
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exception<AuthenticationException> { call, _ ->
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call.respond(
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HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized,
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ApiResponse.error<Unit>("Authentication required"),
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)
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}
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exception<AuthorizationException> { call, _ ->
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call.respond(
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HttpStatusCode.Forbidden,
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ApiResponse.error<Unit>("Access denied"),
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)
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}
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exception<NotFoundException> { call, cause ->
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call.respond(
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HttpStatusCode.NotFound,
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ApiResponse.error<Unit>(cause.message ?: "Resource not found"),
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)
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}
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exception<Throwable> { call, cause ->
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call.application.log.error("Unhandled exception", cause)
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call.respond(
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HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError,
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ApiResponse.error<Unit>("Internal server error"),
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)
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}
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status(HttpStatusCode.NotFound) { call, status ->
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call.respond(status, ApiResponse.error<Unit>("Route not found"))
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}
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}
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}
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```
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## CORS 設定
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```kotlin
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// plugins/CORS.kt
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fun Application.configureCORS() {
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install(CORS) {
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allowHost("localhost:3000")
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allowHost("example.com", schemes = listOf("https"))
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allowHeader(HttpHeaders.ContentType)
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allowHeader(HttpHeaders.Authorization)
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allowMethod(HttpMethod.Put)
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allowMethod(HttpMethod.Delete)
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allowMethod(HttpMethod.Patch)
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allowCredentials = true
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maxAgeInSeconds = 3600
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}
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}
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```
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## Koin 依存性注入
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### モジュール定義
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```kotlin
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// di/AppModule.kt
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val appModule = module {
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// データベース
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single<Database> { DatabaseFactory.create(get()) }
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// リポジトリ
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single<UserRepository> { ExposedUserRepository(get()) }
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single<OrderRepository> { ExposedOrderRepository(get()) }
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// サービス
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single { UserService(get()) }
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single { OrderService(get(), get()) }
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single { AuthService(get(), get()) }
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}
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// アプリケーションセットアップ
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fun Application.configureDI() {
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install(Koin) {
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modules(appModule)
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}
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}
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```
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### ルートでの Koin の使用
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```kotlin
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fun Route.userRoutes() {
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val userService by inject<UserService>()
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route("/users") {
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get {
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val users = userService.getAll()
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call.respond(ApiResponse.ok(users))
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}
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}
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}
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```
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### テスト用の Koin
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```kotlin
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class UserServiceTest : FunSpec(), KoinTest {
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override fun extensions() = listOf(KoinExtension(testModule))
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private val testModule = module {
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single<UserRepository> { mockk() }
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single { UserService(get()) }
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}
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private val repository by inject<UserRepository>()
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private val service by inject<UserService>()
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init {
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test("getUser returns user") {
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coEvery { repository.findById("1") } returns testUser
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service.getById("1") shouldBe testUser
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}
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}
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}
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```
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## リクエストバリデーション
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```kotlin
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// ルートでリクエストデータを検証
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fun Route.userRoutes() {
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val userService by inject<UserService>()
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post("/users") {
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val request = call.receive<CreateUserRequest>()
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// バリデーション
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require(request.name.isNotBlank()) { "Name is required" }
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require(request.name.length <= 100) { "Name must be 100 characters or less" }
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require(request.email.matches(Regex(".+@.+\\..+"))) { "Invalid email format" }
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val user = userService.create(request)
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call.respond(HttpStatusCode.Created, ApiResponse.ok(user))
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}
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}
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// またはバリデーション拡張を使用
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fun CreateUserRequest.validate() {
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require(name.isNotBlank()) { "Name is required" }
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require(name.length <= 100) { "Name must be 100 characters or less" }
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require(email.matches(Regex(".+@.+\\..+"))) { "Invalid email format" }
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}
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```
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## WebSocket
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```kotlin
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fun Application.configureWebSockets() {
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install(WebSockets) {
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pingPeriod = 15.seconds
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timeout = 15.seconds
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maxFrameSize = 64 * 1024 // 64 KiB — プロトコルがより大きなフレームを必要とする場合のみ増加
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masking = false // RFC 6455 に従い、サーバーからクライアントへのフレームはマスクなし。クライアントからサーバーは Ktor が常にマスク
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}
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}
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fun Route.chatRoutes() {
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val connections = Collections.synchronizedSet<Connection>(LinkedHashSet())
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webSocket("/chat") {
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val thisConnection = Connection(this)
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connections += thisConnection
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try {
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send("Connected! Users online: ${connections.size}")
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for (frame in incoming) {
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frame as? Frame.Text ?: continue
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val text = frame.readText()
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val message = ChatMessage(thisConnection.name, text)
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// ConcurrentModificationException を避けるためにロック下でスナップショットを作成
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val snapshot = synchronized(connections) { connections.toList() }
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snapshot.forEach { conn ->
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conn.session.send(Json.encodeToString(message))
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}
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}
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} catch (e: Exception) {
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logger.error("WebSocket error", e)
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} finally {
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connections -= thisConnection
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}
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}
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}
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data class Connection(val session: DefaultWebSocketSession) {
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val name: String = "User-${counter.getAndIncrement()}"
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companion object {
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private val counter = AtomicInteger(0)
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}
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}
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```
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|
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## testApplication テスト
|
||
|
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### 基本的なルートテスト
|
||
|
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```kotlin
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class UserRoutesTest : FunSpec({
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test("GET /users returns list of users") {
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testApplication {
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application {
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install(Koin) { modules(testModule) }
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configureSerialization()
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configureRouting()
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}
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val response = client.get("/users")
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response.status shouldBe HttpStatusCode.OK
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val body = response.body<ApiResponse<List<UserResponse>>>()
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body.success shouldBe true
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body.data.shouldNotBeNull().shouldNotBeEmpty()
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}
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}
|
||
|
||
test("POST /users creates a user") {
|
||
testApplication {
|
||
application {
|
||
install(Koin) { modules(testModule) }
|
||
configureSerialization()
|
||
configureStatusPages()
|
||
configureRouting()
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
val client = createClient {
|
||
install(io.ktor.client.plugins.contentnegotiation.ContentNegotiation) {
|
||
json()
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
val response = client.post("/users") {
|
||
contentType(ContentType.Application.Json)
|
||
setBody(CreateUserRequest("Alice", "alice@example.com"))
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
response.status shouldBe HttpStatusCode.Created
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
test("GET /users/{id} returns 404 for unknown id") {
|
||
testApplication {
|
||
application {
|
||
install(Koin) { modules(testModule) }
|
||
configureSerialization()
|
||
configureStatusPages()
|
||
configureRouting()
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
val response = client.get("/users/unknown-id")
|
||
|
||
response.status shouldBe HttpStatusCode.NotFound
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
})
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 認証ルートのテスト
|
||
|
||
```kotlin
|
||
class AuthenticatedRoutesTest : FunSpec({
|
||
test("protected route requires JWT") {
|
||
testApplication {
|
||
application {
|
||
install(Koin) { modules(testModule) }
|
||
configureSerialization()
|
||
configureAuthentication()
|
||
configureRouting()
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
val response = client.post("/users") {
|
||
contentType(ContentType.Application.Json)
|
||
setBody(CreateUserRequest("Alice", "alice@example.com"))
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
response.status shouldBe HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
test("protected route succeeds with valid JWT") {
|
||
testApplication {
|
||
application {
|
||
install(Koin) { modules(testModule) }
|
||
configureSerialization()
|
||
configureAuthentication()
|
||
configureRouting()
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
val token = generateTestJWT(userId = "test-user")
|
||
|
||
val client = createClient {
|
||
install(io.ktor.client.plugins.contentnegotiation.ContentNegotiation) { json() }
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
val response = client.post("/users") {
|
||
contentType(ContentType.Application.Json)
|
||
bearerAuth(token)
|
||
setBody(CreateUserRequest("Alice", "alice@example.com"))
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
response.status shouldBe HttpStatusCode.Created
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
})
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 設定
|
||
|
||
### application.yaml
|
||
|
||
```yaml
|
||
ktor:
|
||
application:
|
||
modules:
|
||
- com.example.ApplicationKt.module
|
||
deployment:
|
||
port: 8080
|
||
|
||
jwt:
|
||
secret: ${JWT_SECRET}
|
||
issuer: "https://example.com"
|
||
audience: "https://example.com/api"
|
||
realm: "example"
|
||
|
||
database:
|
||
url: ${DATABASE_URL}
|
||
driver: "org.postgresql.Driver"
|
||
maxPoolSize: 10
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 設定の読み取り
|
||
|
||
```kotlin
|
||
fun Application.configureDI() {
|
||
val dbUrl = environment.config.property("database.url").getString()
|
||
val dbDriver = environment.config.property("database.driver").getString()
|
||
val maxPoolSize = environment.config.property("database.maxPoolSize").getString().toInt()
|
||
|
||
install(Koin) {
|
||
modules(module {
|
||
single { DatabaseConfig(dbUrl, dbDriver, maxPoolSize) }
|
||
single { DatabaseFactory.create(get()) }
|
||
})
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## クイックリファレンス: Ktor パターン
|
||
|
||
| パターン | 説明 |
|
||
|---------|------|
|
||
| `route("/path") { get { } }` | DSL を使用したルートグループ化 |
|
||
| `call.receive<T>()` | リクエストボディのデシリアライズ |
|
||
| `call.respond(status, body)` | ステータス付きレスポンスの送信 |
|
||
| `call.parameters["id"]` | パスパラメーターの読み取り |
|
||
| `call.request.queryParameters["q"]` | クエリパラメーターの読み取り |
|
||
| `install(Plugin) { }` | プラグインのインストールと設定 |
|
||
| `authenticate("name") { }` | 認証でルートを保護 |
|
||
| `by inject<T>()` | Koin 依存性注入 |
|
||
| `testApplication { }` | インテグレーションテスト |
|
||
|
||
**覚えておくこと**: Ktor は Kotlin コルーチンと DSL を中心に設計されています。ルートをシンプルに保ち、ロジックはサービスに移し、依存性注入には Koin を使用してください。完全なインテグレーションカバレッジのために `testApplication` でテストしてください。
|